The impact of substitution of two hydrophobic moieties on the properties of guar gum based hydrogels

Purpose The purpose of this study is to modify guar gum (GG) into guar gum acetate (GGA) and phthaloyl guar gum (PHGG) by transesterification and phthaloylation, respectively. Design/methodology/approach GG has been modified into GGA through transesterification reaction between GG and vinyl acetate and PHGG through esterification reaction with phthalic anhydride. The modified GG was characterized by solubility test, Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis. Swelling properties of GGA and PHGG hydrogels in water were evaluated. Findings These two types of modified GG have better solubility such as in dimethyl sulfoxide and N , N -dimethylformamide but no true organosolubility was achieved. The modifications were confirmed through FTIR with new absorption peaks at 1,733 cm −1 for GGA and 1,709 cm −1 for PHGG coupled with observed substitution peaks at 1.80 to 2.20 ppm and 7.40 to 7.90 ppm, respectively, from 1 H NMR spectroscopies. XRD revealed both GGA and PHGG are less crystalline than native GG. GGA was found to be more thermally stable than native GG, whereas PHGG was slightly less thermally stable than native GG. The swelling property in distilled water for native GG, PHGG and GGA was 918.43 ± 46.62%, 537.04 ± 2.87% and 393.04 ± 13.42%, respectively. Research limitations/implications The GGA and PHGG hydrogels are expected to be useful for biomedical fields such as tissue engineering and drug-delivery. Originality/value Modifications of native GG into GGA using vinyl acetate and PHGG using phthalic anhydride are novel.