Progress on production of succinic acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes – New opportunities for cheap biomass and waste gas utilization

Succinic acid is an important basic raw material and intermediate used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and agricultural fields. Due to the dual pressure of oil crisis and environmental pollution of the chemical process, the biosynthesis of succinic acid through microbial fermentation has been given much attention. In particular, the bioconversion of succinic acid from CO2 and inexpensive biomass by Actinobacillus succinogenes can reduce production costs, mitigate dependence on petroleum for specialty chemical production and lower the atmospheric CO2 concentration, thereby alleviating environmental problems. This review summarizes the new trends in the production of succinic acid by A. succinogenes. We start by introducing the unique and promising functions of A. succinogenes as a natural succinic acid producer. We then focus on the progress, challenges and future prospects of using energy crops, lignocellulosic biomass, solid waste and waste gases to produce succinic acid. Process optimization during the utilization of cheap biomass and waste gas is also highlighted. We pay particular attention to the currently known and potential promising methods to deal with the fermentation inhibitors which affects the bio-based succinic acid production. Lastly, the breeding strategies for efficient construction of A. succinogenes strains are discussed.