Advancements in magnesium-based alloys for orthopedic implants: balancing corrosion, mechanical properties, and biological effects (part 1) – a review

Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have garnered significant attention for orthopedic implants due to their exceptional combination of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties that closely resemble natural bone. This review addresses the corrosion aspects of Mg-based alloys, emphasizing the dual nature of corrosion products, which can positively influence osteogenesis and potentially hinder tissue integration. Additionally, the review delves into the various biocompatible alloying elements used to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of various Mg alloy systems. The interactions between these alloying elements and Mg are discussed in detail to provide insights into their contributions to mechanical strength and longevity. Ultimately, this review offers a comprehensive overview of the advancements in developing Mg-based alloys for orthopedic implants. By examining the intricate interplay between alloy composition, corrosion, strength, and biological effects, the review aims to guide future research and development. Future research should prioritize long-term biocompatibility studies of Mg alloys to improve clinical applicability. Magnesium alloys have considerable potential to serve as alternatives to conventional implants, potentially decreasing the need for secondary surgeries and enhancing patient outcomes. The goal is to optimize Mg alloys for successful clinical applications, ensuring they meet the stringent requirements of orthopedic implant materials while maximizing patient outcomes.