Engineered Bioluminescent Nano-Bacteria Biohybrids Powering Self-Driven Photodynamic and Photothermal Synergistic Cancer Treatment

Nissle 1917 (EcN-QS-iLux) with palladium nanoparticles and loading it with the photosensitizer MC540. This biohybrid performs self-driven PDT without external light and effective PTT under 808 nm light excitation. In vivo studies using a 4T1 tumor mouse model demonstrated complete tumor inhibition through the synergistic action of PDT and PTT, with no significant systemic toxicity. This platform showcases the use of nano-bioluminescent bacteria to integrate self-driven PDT with synergistic PTT, providing a targeted and minimally invasive strategy for cancer therapy.