PD-1 activation mitigates lupus nephritis by suppressing hyperactive and heterogeneous PD-1+CD8+ T cells

T cells in LN are hyperactive, clonally expanded, and contribute to disease progression. Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway with PD-L1 Fc effectively reduced kidney pathology in a murine model of LN, underscoring the potential of modulating PD-1 signaling as a treatment strategy for LN.