Recent Advances in Porphyrin‐ and Phthalocyanine‐based 2D‐MOFs and 2D‐COFs for Energy Applications

The 2D metal–organic frameworks (2D-MOFs) and 2D covalent-organic frameworks (2D-COFs) can take the advantage of the strong π–π interactions and redox processes to enhance the electric conductivity while activating the unique electrocatalytic properties of aromatic N4-macrocycles. In fact, MOFs and COFs are standing out as potential materials for renewable energy systems by giving their high surface area and organized porous structures, and the possibility of rational structural design to fine-tune their electronic, electric, and photoelectrocatalytic properties, allied with high stability. The top-down and bottom-up strategies, such as exfoliation, interfacial formation, layer-by-layer deposition, solvothermal growth, and surfactant-assisted and modulated synthesis, are being used to get 2D-MOFs and 2D-COFs intimately combined with conductive polymers, MXenes, or nanocarbon materials to improve their electronic conductivity and boost the electrochemical, electrocatalytic, and/or photocatalytic performance for energy device applications. Clearly, this is a new area with many exciting unexplored perspectives, both from the experimental as well as the theoretical point of view, for the rational design of materials for flexible/wearable electrochemical devices, such as supercapacitors and metal-air batteries, where Taylor-made 2D-MOFs and 2D-COFs based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines can become key materials in the way to a more sustainable society. Herein, the state-of-the-art and perspectives on such materials are presented and discussed.