气凝胶
材料科学
再生(生物学)
脚手架
骨组织
生物医学工程
复合数
骨愈合
组织工程
细胞外基质
体内
微观结构
纳米技术
复合材料
细胞生物学
解剖
医学
生物技术
生物
作者
Mariana Souto-Lopes,Maria Helena Fernandes,Fernando J. Monteiro,Christiane L. Salgado
出处
期刊:Materials
[MDPI AG]
日期:2023-06-20
卷期号:16 (12): 4483-4483
被引量:4
摘要
Tissue regeneration of large bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering employs biomimetic strategies to produce graft composite scaffolds that resemble the bone extracellular matrix to guide and promote osteogenic differentiation of the host precursor cells. Aerogel-based bone scaffold preparation methods have been increasingly improved to overcome the difficulties in balancing the need for an open highly porous and hierarchically organized microstructure with compression resistance to withstand bone physiological loads, especially in wet conditions. Moreover, these improved aerogel scaffolds have been implanted in vivo in critical bone defects, in order to test their bone regeneration potential. This review addresses recently published studies on aerogel composite (organic/inorganic)-based scaffolds, having in mind the various cutting-edge technologies and raw biomaterials used, as well as the improvements that are still a challenge in terms of their relevant properties. Finally, the lack of 3D in vitro models of bone tissue for regeneration studies is emphasized, as well as the need for further developments to overcome and minimize the requirement for studies using in vivo animal models.
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