Advancing haptic interfaces for immersive experiences in the metaverse

Haptic technology can help deliver more immersive virtual reality and augmented reality experiences by adding the sense of touch to visual and auditory interfaces. However, challenges persist in the development of haptic feedback devices, such as their rendering capability, technical readiness, and cost considerations. This perspective emphasizes the importance of developing immersive and marketable haptic feedback technologies for the metaverse, highlights the existing obstacles in integrating haptic feedback, and suggests corresponding research directions for overcoming these bottlenecks. These include advancements in relevant material and interface design, the adoption of multi-output technologies, the combination of various driving mechanisms, and the integration of different haptic cues.