Improvement of microwave detection sensitivity with atoms based on cavity enhancement effect

A high-precision microwave detection technology using atoms is an essential foundation in future communication technologies. In this study, improvement of microwave detection sensitivity by atoms is realized. First, an open-loop resonator is designed based on finite element simulation and subsequently fabricated; then, the microwave electric field intensity is measured with and without the resonator, based on the electromagnetically induced transparency Autler–Townes effect. The microwave electric field with different input power is measured, and the improvement achieved with the resonator is verified. The optimal detection sensitivity is improved from 2.14(5) to 0.73(4)V m −1 , and the sensitivity is improved by a factor of approximately 2.9. These results provide a practical reference for the application of high-precision detection of microwave electric fields with atoms and atomic microwave communication in the future.