Association between gut microbiota and pan-dermatological diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization research

Background Gut microbiota has been associated with dermatological problems in earlier observational studies. However, it is unclear whether gut microbiota has a causal function in dermatological diseases. Methods Thirteen dermatological diseases were the subject of bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) research aimed at identifying potential causal links between gut microbiota and these diseases. Summary statistics for the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of gut microbiota and dermatological diseases were obtained from public datasets. With the goal of evaluating the causal estimates, five acknowledged MR approaches were utilized along with multiple testing corrections, with inverse variance weighted (IVW) regression serving as the main methodology. Regarding the taxa that were causally linked with dermatological diseases in the forward MR analysis, reverse MR was performed. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the causal estimates. Results The combined results of the five MR methods and sensitivity analysis showed 94 suggestive and five significant causal relationships. In particular, the genus Eubacterium_fissicatena_group increased the risk of developing psoriasis vulgaris (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, p FDR = 4.36 × 10 −3 ), family Bacteroidaceae (OR = 2.25, p FDR = 4.39 × 10 −3 ), genus Allisonella (OR = 1.42, p FDR = 1.29 × 10 −2 ), and genus Bacteroides (OR = 2.25, p FDR = 1.29 × 10 −2 ) increased the risk of developing acne; and the genus Intestinibacter increased the risk of urticaria (OR = 1.30, p FDR = 9.13 × 10 −3 ). A reverse MR study revealed insufficient evidence for a significant causal relationship. In addition, there was no discernible horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Conclusion This study provides novel insights into the causality of gut microbiota in dermatological diseases and therapeutic or preventive paradigms for cutaneous conditions.