微泡
免疫系统
纳米载体
肿瘤微环境
癌细胞
癌症研究
癌症免疫疗法
癌症
免疫疗法
微泡
生物
免疫学
小RNA
药理学
药品
基因
生物化学
遗传学
作者
Moumita Basak,Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary,Ryou‐u Takahashi,Yuki Yamamoto,Swasti Tiwari,Hidetoshi Tahara,Anupama Mittal
出处
期刊:ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2022-12-16
卷期号:9 (1): 20-39
被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00893
摘要
“Cancer” is a dreadful immune-pathological condition that is characterized by anti-inflammatory and tumorigenic responses, elicited by the infiltrating immune cells in the vicinity of an uncontrollably proliferative tumor in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME offers a conducive microenvironment that supports cancer cell survival by modulating the host immune defense. Recent advancement in exosomal research has shown exosomes, originating from immune cells as well as the cancer cells, have immense potential for suppressing cancer progression and survival in the TME. Additionally, exosomes, irrespective of their diverse sources, have been reported to be efficient nanocarriers for cancer therapeutics with the ability for targeted delivery due to their biogenic nature, ease of cellular uptake, and scope for functionalization with biomolecules like peptides, aptamers, targeting ligands, etc. Immune cell-derived exosomes per se have been found efficacious against cancer owing to their immune-stimulant properties (in either naive or antigen primed form) even without loading any of cancer therapeutics or targeting ligand conjugation. Nevertheless, exosomes are being primarily explored as nanovesicular carriers for therapeutic molecules with different loading and targeting strategies, and the synergism between immunotherapeutic behavior of exosomes and the anticancer effect of the therapeutic molecules is yet to be explored. Hence, this review focuses specifically on the possible strategies to modulate the immunological nature of the source immune cells to obtain immune stimulant exosomes and bring these into the spotlight as chemo-immunotherapeutic nanovesicles, that can easily target and modulate the TME.
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