Tuning the surface electronic structure of noble metal aerogels to promote the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the bottleneck for various electrochemical energy conversion devices. Regulating the electronic structure of electrocatalysts by ligands has received particular attention in deriving valid ORR electrocatalysts. Here, the surface electronic structure of Pt-based noble metal aerogels (NMAs) was modulated by various organic ligands, among which the electron-withdrawing ligand of 4-methylphenylene effectively boosted the ORR electrocatalysis. Theoretical calculations suggested the smaller energy barrier for the transformation of O* to OH* and downshift the d-band center of Pt due to the interaction between 4-methylphenylene and the surface metals, thus enhancing the ORR intrinsic activity. Both Pt3Ni and PtPd aerogels with 4-methylphenylene decoration performed significant enhancement in ORR activity and durability in different media. Remarkably, the 4-methylphenylene modified PtPd aerogel exhibited the higher half-wave potential of 0.952 V and the mass activity of 10.2 times of commercial Pt/C. This work explained the effect of electronic structure on ORR electrocatalytic properties and would promote functionalized NMAs as efficient ORR electrocatalysts.