Fluorogenic Probes for Protein Labeling: Illuminating Cellular Functions with Precision

Proteins play a crucial role in shaping cellular processes, requiring accurate recognition, imaging, and dynamic tracking for understanding complex biological networks. The evolution of protein labeling, progressing from covalent coupling to advanced methodologies like click chemistry, genetically encoded tags, and proximity labeling, has provided unprecedented attributes. Fluorescent labeling, which relies heavily on diverse technologies, predominantly employs organic dye-based fluorophores and has expanded beyond mere tagging of proteins. This chapter explores the significance of fluorogenic probes in protein labeling, emphasizing their role in achieving efficient, high resolution, and wash-free imaging. The journey into mechanisms, specificities, and advantages reveals fluorogenic probes as essential allies for precision in visualizing cellular functions.