Research progress and prospects of polarization effects in photo-piezocatalysis for antibacterial and antifouling applications

Biofouling poses a significant challenge in marine environments. Piezo-photocatalysts can effectively inhibit the attachment and growth of marine microorganisms, thereby preventing biofouling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in piezo-photocatalysis, with a particular emphasis on its antibacterial and antifouling applications. We discuss the mechanisms by which polarization enhances the separation of photo-generated charge carriers, the synergistic effects of piezo-photocatalysis, the two primary types of mechanical energy utilized, and the commonly employed piezo-photocatalytic materials in antimicrobial and antifouling applications. Additionally, strategies for enhancing piezo-photocatalytic activity through material design are examined. Finally, future prospects and challenges facing the application of piezo-photocatalysis in antibacterial and antifouling technologies are discussed.