Methylparaben and propylparaben promote bladder cancer invasion via MMP2 and PPARG modulation

This study reveals that MP and PP promote BLCA invasion via MMP2 and PPARG modulation, providing mechanistic insights into paraben-associated tumorigenesis and underscoring potential public health implications of paraben exposure. These findings have raised concerns about the risk of BLCA caused by low level environmental exposure to parabens, especially among people with impaired detoxification pathways.