[Clinical characteristics and their influences on the survival of leptomeningeal metastasis derived from lung adenocarcinoma harboring epithelial growth factor receptor mutation].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) patients from epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, and their impacts on the survival of the patients. Methods: From July 2018 to July 2022, the clinicopathological data of 81 patients diagnosed as EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma LM by cytopathology who admitted to the Department of Oncology of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were retrospectively analyzed, including 33 males and 48 females. The age ranged from 31 to 76 years, with a median age of 54 years. All the 81 patients were followed up, with a median follow-up of 21.0 months (95%CI: 12.5 to 29.5 months). The Kaplan Meier method was used to draw survival curve. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the impact of the factors on the survival of patients. Results: Among the 81 patients, the interval between the initial diagnosis of lung cancer and the pathological diagnosis of LM in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 0-108 months, with a median interval of 14 months. Fifty-two patients (64.2%) used the third-generation epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKIs), while 17 patients (21.0%) used EGFR-TKIs in combination with other drugs, and 12 patients (14.8%) were treated with best supportive care (BSC). Sixty patients (74.1%) had a Kanofsky performance status (KPS) score of less than 60 points, and 71 patients (87.7%) had brain parenchymal metastasis and/or spinal metastasis. Twenty-two patients (27.2%) used pemetrexed through intrathecal CSF, and 17 patients (21.0%) used pemetrexed through the Ommaya sac to the CSF of the ventricle. The incidence of adverse event related to the administration of pemetrexed through CSF was 64.1% (25/39), mainly manifested as myelosuppression, including 22 patients of leukocyte reduction, 25 patients of hemoglobin reduction, and 14 patients of platelet reduction. The median post-leptomeningeal metastasis overall survival (pLM-OS) in 81 patients was 11.0 (95%CI: 7.7-14.3) months. KPS score≥60 points (HR=0.407, 95%CI: 0.170-0.973, P=0.043), CSF cytology negative after treatment (vs persistent positive, HR=0.351, 95%CI: 0.155-0.792, P=0.012), intraventricular administration of pemetrexed (vs non intraventricular administration of pemetrexed, HR=0.319, 95%CI: 0.137-0.745, P=0.008) and the treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKIs after LM (vs EGFR-TKIs in combination with other drugs, HR=0.486, 95%CI: 0.237-0.998, P=0.049) were a factor affecting pLM-OS of patients. Conclusions: Brain parenchyma, or/and spine are the most sites where the LM patients concurrently metastasize. KPS score≥60 points and CSF cytology negative after treatment, intraventricular administration of pemetrexed and the treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKIs are indictors affecting pLM-OS of the patients.目的： 分析表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变肺腺癌脑膜转移（LM）患者的临床特征和预后影响因素。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年7月至2022年7月就诊于中南大学湘雅医院肿瘤科经细胞病理学确诊为EGFR突变肺腺癌LM的81例患者的临床病理资料，其中男33例，女48例；年龄31~76岁，中位年龄54岁。81例患者均获得随访，中位随访21.0个月（95%CI：12.5~29.5个月）。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，多因素Cox回归模型分析预后影响因素。 结果： 81例患者初诊肺癌到脑脊液细胞病理学确诊为LM的间隔时间为0~108个月，中位间隔时间为14个月。采用三代EGFR-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）治疗52例（64.2%），EGFR-TKIs联合其他药物治疗17例（21.0%），最佳支持治疗（BSC）12例（14.8%）。60例（74.1%）患者卡氏功能状态（KPS）评分<60分，71例（87.7%）患者合并脑实质转移和（或）脊柱转移。经鞘内脑脊液内给予培美曲塞治疗22例（27.2%），经Ommaya囊至脑室脑脊液内给予培美曲塞治疗17例（21.0%）。脑脊液培美曲塞给药相关的不良反应发生率为64.1%（25/39），主要表现为骨髓抑制，其中白细胞减低22例，血红蛋白减低25例，血小板减低14例。81例患者的中位LM后总生存时间（pLM-OS）为11.0（95%CI：7.7~14.3）个月。KPS评分≥60分（HR=0.407，95%CI：0.170~0.973，P=0.043）、治疗后脑脊液异形细胞转阴（与持续阳性比较，HR=0.351，95%CI：0.155~0.792，P=0.012）、脑室内给予培美曲塞（与不给药比较，HR=0.319，95%CI：0.137~0.745，P=0.008）、LM后继续使用三代EGFR-TKIs治疗（与EGFR-TKIs联合治疗比较，HR=0.486，95%CI：0.237~0.998，P=0.049）是患者pLM-OS的影响因素。 结论： LM患者多合并脑实质或脊柱转移。KPS评分≥60分、治疗后脑脊液异形细胞转阴、脑室内给予培美曲塞、继续使用三代EGFR-TKIs是患者pLM-OS的影响因素。.