Numerical and experimental analysis of the cavitation and flow characteristics in liquid nitrogen submersible pump

In this paper, the cavitation and flow characteristics of the unsteady liquid nitrogen (LN2) cavitating flow in a submersible pump are investigated through both experimental and numerical approaches. The performance curve of the LN2 submersible pump is obtained via experimental measurement. Numerical simulations are performed using a modified shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model, incorporating corrections for rotation and thermal effects as per the Schnerr–Sauer cavitation model. The numerical framework is verified by comparing the cavitation morphology features with previously reported visual data of the LN2 inducer and aligning pump performance data with those obtained from experimental tests of the LN2 submersible pump. The results indicate that cavitation at the designed flow rate predominantly manifests as tip clearance vortex cavitation in the inducer. Increased flow rates exacerbate cavitation, potentially obstructing the flow passage of the impeller. The vortex identification method and the vorticity transport equation are employed to identify the vortex structures and analyze the interaction between cavitation and vortices in the unsteady LN2 cavitating flow. The vortex structures primarily concentrate at the outlet of the impeller flow passage, largely attributed to the vortex dilation term and baroclinic torque. The influence of thermal effects on the cavitation flow of submersible pumps is analyzed. An entropy production analysis model, comprehensively involving various contributing factors, is proposed and utilized to accurately predict the entropy production rate within the pump. This study not only offers an effective numerical approach but also provides valuable insight into the cavitation flow characteristics of the LN2 submersible pump.