Nonmarine ostracod fauna from the Lower Cretaceous Shinekhudag Formation (southwest Mongolia): taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and paleoecology

Abstract This work provides the detailed investigation (taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and paleoecology) of a nonmarine ostracod fauna from the Shinekhudag Formation in Gobi–Altai area, southwest Mongolia. The samples from two sections (Tsagaan Tsuvarga and Oshih Hollow East) yielded various ostracods assigned to nine species belonging to six genera: Cypridea verrucata Neustrueva, 1974, C. ihsienensis Hou, 1958, C. unicostata Galeeva, 1955, C. tumefacta Neustrueva, 1974, Yumenia cf. Y. oriformis Hou, 1958, Scabriculocypris subscalara Zhang and Chen in Ye et al., 2003, ? Trapezoidella sp., Candona sp., and Vlakomia ulanense Neustrueva, 1977. The biostratigraphic application of our taxonomic results suggests that the age of the Shinekhudag Formation is Barremian–Aptian. In addition, the ostracod fauna shows strong affinities to faunas from northeast China and potentially northwest China, providing evidence of faunal exchanges between these regions and southwest Mongolia. The new discovery of Vlakomia ulanense indicates that mid-Cretaceous (Albian) species in northeast China probably originated in Mongolia at the time of deposition of the Shinekhudag Formation. Two ostracod assemblages in the studied sections reflect that different paleoenvironment settings have existed during deposition; the Tsagaan Tsuvarga Section represents a shallow-littoral zone of athalassic (inland) saline lake under arid climate, and the dominance of cypridoideans of the Oshih Hollow East Section is indicative of ephemeral water bodies.