Biomechanical alterations in Osgood–Schlatter disease: a systematic review

This systematic review aims to identify the biomechanical alterations in Osgood - Schlatter disease (OSD). A comprehensive electronic search was undertaken by two independent researchers of PubMed, Lilacs, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Web of Science, SciELO, and Cochrane using search terms referring to OSD, following PRISMA 2020 recommendations. Cross-sectional/observational studies or baseline measurements of longitudinal studies that provided comparisons of individuals with OSD and control participants were included. There were no restrictions on language and publication date. Studies were selected based on titles, abstracts, and full texts, and duplicates were excluded. Study quality was rated according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. The search yielded 568 studies, and after applying the eligibility criteria, 554 studies were excluded, resulting in a final sample of 14 studies. Participants identified in the studies were adolescents (10-16 years) and were mostly male. People with OSD displayed a greater height and body mass index, as well as the presence of pelvic tilt, increased posterior tibial slope, increased condylomalleolar and tibial torsion angles, lower hip abduction (in women) and knee extension strength, and greater stiffness of the quadriceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles. Overall evidence quality is moderate based on JBI guidelines.