Reprogramming Carbon Flux to Eliminate Crabtree Effect-Associated Ethanol Production for High-Yield l -Lactic Acid Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

gene (pyruvate kinase) impaired glycolytic flux and reduced glucose consumption. This defect was partially improved through targeted reverse engineering by overexpressing genes within the glycolytic pathway that were significantly downregulated. This work provides a framework for metabolic reprogramming in yeast and guidance for NADH-coupled organic acid production.