Factors Influencing Pain Management Practices Among Nurses in University Hospitals in Western Japan: A Cross‐Sectional Study Using Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis

ABSTRACT Effective pain management remains a global nursing challenge, requiring awareness of influencing factors. This cross‐sectional study examined such factors among nurses in Western Japan's university hospitals from September to November 2023. A self‐reported questionnaire was used to investigate nurses' sociodemographic characteristics, collaboration with physicians in the ward, pain management knowledge, empathy, and pain management practices. Among 695 nurses (69.4% valid response rate), 51.4% had under 5 years' work experience, indicating a relatively junior nursing workforce. The mean practice score was 47.5 (SD = 7.1). Hierarchical regression showed knowledge and empathy increased practice scores by 6.2%. Nurses' empathy, particularly their perspective‐taking, explained pain management practice ( β = 0.242, p < 0.001). Information‐sharing with pain specialists, effective collaboration with physicians in the ward, work experience, and clinical pain education were also associated with pain management practices (all p < 0.05). This study suggests that enhancing nurses' empathy and fostering a collaborative ward environment may be essential strategies to improve the pain management quality.