Strong coupling of double excitons with guided mode resonances and quasi-bound states in the continuum in heterogeneous metamaterials

Heterogeneous metamaterials containing excitonic materials provide an ideal platform for strong exciton–photon coupling. In this Letter, we theoretically demonstrate four strong couplings in a heterogeneous metamaterial consisting of a TiO 2 grating standing on a perovskite–WS 2 –perovskite waveguide layer by tuning the structural sizes. The quasi-bound state in the continuum (qBIC) and the guided mode resonance (GMR) both strongly coupled with the excitons of both perovskite and WS 2 under oblique incident illumination, resulting in four large Rabi splittings of 177.32, 187.53, 406.25, and 435.09 meV via a reasonable combination of oscillator strengths of perovskite and WS 2 . Double strong coupling behaviors are also achieved when the grating period equals 222 nm with an incident light angle of 19.3°. Moreover, double ultrastrong coupling can even be realized by the GMR and qBIC respectively interacting with the exciton of WS 2 when its oscillator strength reaches a certain value. Our work paves an effective avenue to realizing strong coupling and even ultrastrong coupling between multiple excitons and multiple optical modes.