Automatically detecting Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis from endoscopic imaging

Abstract Background The SI-CURA project ( Soluzioni Innovative per la gestione del paziente e il follow up terapeutico della Colite UlceRosA ) is an Italian initiative aimed at the development of artificial intelligence solutions to discriminate pathologies of different nature, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), based on endoscopic imaging of patients (P) and healthy controls (N). Methods In this study we develop a deep learning (DL) prototype to identify disease patterns through three binary classification tasks, namely (1) discriminating positive (pathological) samples from negative (healthy) samples (P vs N); (2) discrimination between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease samples (UC vs CD) and, (3) discrimination between Ulcerative Colitis and negative (healthy) samples (UC vs N). Results The model derived from our approach achieves a high performance of Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) > 0.9 on the test set for P versus N and UC versus N , and MCC > 0.6 on the test set for UC versus CD . Conclusion Our DL model effectively discriminates between pathological and negative samples, as well as between IBD subgroups, providing further evidence of its potential as a decision support tool for endoscopy-based diagnosis.