Effect of Ti1−xFexO2 photoanodes on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells utilizing natural betalain pigments extracted from Beta vulgaris (BV)

Schematic illustration of light harvesting and role of Ti 1− x Fe x O 2 photoanodes in PCE enhancement. This enhanced PCE is ascribed to the increased surface adsorption and reduced charge recombination via new electron state creation with Fe 3+ doping.