Magnetic Moment and Magnetization

Abstract This article explores theories describing magnetic dipole moments and magnetization, including the origin and coupling of magnetic dipole moments and their addition to yield a magnetization. In particular, we define field quantities and magnetic dipole moments. This is followed by discussion of the atomic origins of dipole moments, magnetization and dipolar interactions, and magnetization in superconductors. The coupling of magnetic dipole moments is discussed in the context of mean field and exchange theories. This allows for the definition of ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism. The microscopic magnetization and domains are finally discussed.