Smartphone assisted high-performance fluorescence/colorimetric dual-mode enantioselective identification of glutamic acid in complex samples

) enantioselectivity values of 3.66 and 7.68, respectively. Additionally, the response of N-NCDs to Glu enantiomers is accompanied by obvious color changes, offering rapid and visual detection capabilities. Smartphone-assisted dual-mode analysis was able to reduce experimental errors associated with single-mode assays, and minimized variability introduced by different instrumental procedures, thereby improving the overall detection accuracy. Notably, N-NCDs also demonstrated excellent selectivity and reproducibility in detecting D/L-Glu in real samples, highlighting its promising potential for accurate detection of Glu enantiomers in a complex matrix.