Analysis of Prosthetic Factors Affecting Peri-Implant Health: An in vivo Retrospective Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the various restorative and prosthetic parameters affecting peri-implant tissues' health following dental implant placement and functional loading. METHODS: A total of 484 dental implants (length>6mm, non-turned, 2-3 piece, titanium - Straumann) were evaluated for patients (male=271; female=213). Study variables such as patient's age, gender, implant restoration/crown type, crown retention, and implant crown status were assessed against various periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival color, and crestal bone level). All the data were analyzed using the SPSS software. RESULTS: Out of all the investigated dental implants, 201 (42%) of the implants investigated presented with BOP > one-site of the peri-implant mucosa (peri-implant mucositis), 115 (23.76%) presented with peri-implant marginal bone loss. PPD value was significantly lower in good crown status (p<0.0001). Majority of the patients with good crown status had no plaque accumulation based on the PI scores (52.7%). Only 35% of the patients whose crown status was good were having BOP when compared with 65% who did not have any BOP recorded. Gingival color (pale pink and red) showed statistically significant association with crown type (porcelain fused to metal v/s all ceramic) (p=0.005). Most of patients with crown status good had no change in their radiographic findings (94%) compared to only 6% who had implant threads exposed (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Optimal design of Implant prosthetic factors are vital for avoiding the development of peri-implant mucositis/peri-implantitis and must be considered during treatment planning while restoring dental implants.