满足
心理学
任务(项目管理)
本我、自我与超我
感觉
平衡(能力)
认知心理学
社会心理学
发展心理学
神经科学
经济
管理
作者
Zoë L. Francis,Michael Inzlicht
出处
期刊:Elsevier eBooks
[Elsevier]
日期:2016-01-01
卷期号:: 373-398
被引量:12
标识
DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-801850-7.00018-4
摘要
The shifting-priorities process model describes ego depletion as a type of mental fatigue that occurs after engaging in any effortful, unrewarding task. Both humans and nonhuman animals are evolutionarily incentivized to properly balance between their immediate and long-term needs; excessive attention to future preparations can hurt immediate survival, but sometimes delaying gratification is advantageous. The balance between seeking immediate rewards and seeking resources for the future can be seen in foraging decisions (exploitation vs. exploration) as well as trade-offs between labor and leisure, and between have-to and want-to goals. The effortfulness of a task is determined not only by the use of executive functions, but also by the degree of immediate enjoyment produced by the task, and this effortfulness drives the feeling of fatigue. After experiencing an activity as unrewarding and effortful, people's attention and motivation shift away from continuing effortful future-oriented tasks and toward gratifying stimuli; these changes are seen both behaviorally and neurologically.
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