Compared and analyzed the anatomical structures for stem and leave of 4 plants in Potentilla. The results shows: stem structure of 4 species plants is similar, only Potentilla Multicaulis Bunge is compound epidermis; the leaf structure indicates, Potentilla bifarca L belongs to isobilateral leave, itsmesophyll differentiates completely palisade tissue, the others are bifacial.Synthesized the anatomical characteristic of stem and leave of these plants, they have the characteristic of xerophil, but the anti-drought structure degree is different, in which the anti-drought characteristic of Potentilla bifurca L is the most marked ,next is Potentilla sishanensis Bunge and Potentilla multicaulis Bunge, Potentilla anserina L is feeble oppositely.