沉积物
频道(广播)
冲积层
泥沙输移
水文学(农业)
河势
大洪水
沉积作用
地质学
夹带(生物音乐学)
漫滩
地貌学
环境科学
河流
生态学
构造盆地
地理
岩土工程
物理
工程类
节奏
电气工程
生物
考古
声学
作者
Carl Phillips,Claire Masteller,Louise Slater,Kieran Dunne,Simona Francalanci,Stefano Lanzoni,Dorothy J. Merritts,É. Lajeunesse,D. J. Jerolmack
标识
DOI:10.1038/s43017-022-00282-z
摘要
The geometry of alluvial river channels both controls and adjusts to the flow of water and sediment within them. This feedback between flow and form modulates flood risk, and the impacts of climate and land-use change. Considering widely varying hydro-climates, sediment supply, geology and vegetation, it is surprising that rivers follow remarkably consistent hydraulic geometry scaling relations. In this Perspective, we explore the factors governing river channel geometry, specifically how the threshold of sediment motion constrains the size and shape of channels. We highlight the utility of the near-threshold channel model as a suitable framework to explain the average size and stability of river channels, and show how deviations relate to complex higher-order behaviours. Further characterization of the sediment transport threshold and channel adjustment timescales, coupled with probabilistic descriptions of river geometry, promise the development of future models capable of capturing rivers’ natural complexity. The size and shape of alluvial river channels control and adjust to the flow of water and sediment, with consequences for flooding and ecological habitat. This Perspective examines how the sediment entrainment threshold constrains the size, shape and dynamics of alluvial rivers.
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