β-glucan rich functional instant talbina (porridge) premix from barley flour using extrusion: investigating effect of varied moisture and barrel temperature levels using response surface approach

Purpose Throughout the world, there has been a dramatic increase in the demand for functional food products. Owing to the health benefits of barley, its utilization was explored for the development of β -glucan rich functional instant talbina (porridge). The present research was, therefore, undertaken with an aim to optimize the extrusion conditions for development of instant talbina premix and evaluate its functional and quality characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The independent variables i.e. barrel temperature (105–125°C) and feed moisture (12–20%) were studied to determine their influence on the system parameter i.e. specific mechanical energy and product characteristics i.e. bulk density, breaking strength, water absorption index, expansion ratio, water solubility index, L *, a * and b * by employing a central composite rotatable design. Findings All the quality parameters were significantly ( p < 0.05) influenced by independent variables. The regression models obtained for all the responses showed higher coefficient of determination ( R 2 = 0.99). The optimum extrusion conditions obtained by numerical optimization for development of extrudates used for making instant talbina were moisture content (12%) and barrel temperature (105°C). Various functional, pasting, complexing index and physicochemical properties of instant talbina were improved by the addition of honey and milk. The instant talbina prepared from barley flour with the addition of milk and honey showed increase in the β -glucan content, resistant starch, antioxidant activity and decrease in glycemic index with improved overall acceptability. Originality/value As far as we could possibly know that very limited or not many studies have been carried out wherein the possibility of developing instant talbina (porridge) have been carried out. As a result, the current study has a lot of potential for the food industry to manufacture β -glucan rich functional instant talbina with improved antioxidant characteristics and low glycemic index.