This chapter contains section titled: What is Empathy? Components of Empathy Empathy and Sexual Offending The Four-Stage Model of the Empathy Process Evaluation of the Four-Stage Model Victim Empathy Deficits and Cognitive Distortions A Theory of Mind Perspective Evaluation of the 'theory of Mind' Theory Shame, Self-Esteem and Deficient Empathy Evaluation of Shame and Self-Esteem Proposals Clinical Utility of Empathy Deficit Theories Conclusions