Tuning strategies and structure effects of electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction reaction

Carbon dioxide emissions have increased due to the consumption of fossil fuels, making the neutralization and utilization of CO2 a pressing issue. As a clean and efficient energy conversion process, electrocatalytic reduction can reduce carbon dioxide into a series of alcohols and acidic organic molecules, which can effectively realize the utilization and transformation of carbon dioxide. This review focuses on the tuning strategies and structure effects of catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The tuning strategies for the active sites of catalysts have been reviewed from intrinsic and external perspectives. The structure effects for the CO2RR catalysts have also been discussed, such as tandem catalysis, synergistic effects and confinement catalysis. We expect that this review about tuning strategies and structure effects can provide guidance for designing highly efficient CO2RR electrocatalysts.