Bronchial Artery Embolization Procedure for Treatment of Hemoptysis Caused by Cavitary Lung Lesions

Background: Embolizationofthe bronchial artery is one of the non-surgical successful measures to treat hemoptysis without surgery. Aim of the Work: To evaluate the technique, efficacy, and safety of Bronchial Artery Embolization (BAE) in patients with hemoptysis due to cavitary lung lesions. Patients and Methods: This study was a reconstructive (retrospective and prospective) cohort study and included 20 candidates who presented with hemoptysis due to cavitary lung lesions and were refractory to the supportive treatment measures during the period between March 2021 and September 2021. The study population was referred from the Chest Department to Interventional Radiology Unit, at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Results: Massive hemoptysis was seen in 15 patients and recurrent mild-moderate in 5 patients. On imaging, cavitary lesions were seen on the left side in 8 patients, the right side in 8 patients, and bilateral involvement in 4 patients. Bronchiectatic changes were the predominant pathology seen in 6 patients. Immediate success was achieved in 20 patients, while recurrence within one month was noted in 4 patients. 13 patients reported experiencing minor problems like chest pain, but no serious ones like spinal cord ischemia. Conclusion: When a patient has hemoptysis, BAE is a standard technique that is both safe and effective with a very low complication rate.