Accelerating metal nanoparticle exsolution by exploiting tolerance factor of perovskite stannate

The octahedral symmetry in ionic crystals can play a critical role in atomic nucleation and migration during solid-solid phase transformation. Similarly, octahedron distortion, which is characterized by Goldschmidt tolerance factor, strongly influences the exsolution kinetics in the perovskite lattice framework during high-temperature annealing. However, a fundamental study on manipulating the exsolution process by octahedron distortion is still lacking. In this study, we accelerate Ni metal exsolution on the surface of perovskite stannates by increasing the [BO