Catalytic Applications of BTC-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Mechanistic Insights

The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on benzoene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC) have attracted a lot of interest lately because of their catalytic potential and adaptable structural characteristics. Because of their excellent chemical and thermal stability, these MOFs are good choices for catalytic processes in a variety of industries. The distinct coordination geometry of BTC ligands creates strong frameworks with high porosity, wide surface areas, and adjustable pore diameters that facilitate effective guest molecule diffusion. Esterification, oxidation, and hydrogenation reactions are among the organic transformations in which BTC-MOFs have shown exceptional catalytic activity. Their capacity to integrate several metal centers, including as iron, copper, and zinc, improves catalytic efficiency by offering a variety of active sites. BTC-MOFs have also been used in environmental remediation through gas storage, carbon capture, and photocatalytic pollutant degradation.