Facile Fabrication of Epoxy Resin Composites via Polymer Blending Modification and Its Applications in Solar Cell

ABSTRACT Polymer blending modification provides an efficient means of tailoring high‐performance composites for specific applications, enhancing polymer performance, refinement, and functionality. In this study, we prepared a series of hydrogenated bisphenol A/bisphenol F (HBPA/BPF) mixed epoxy resins with varying mass ratios. Morphological studies using thermal field‐emission scanning electron microscopy identified optimal compatibility at a mass ratio of 5:5. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the curing process with 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole provided characteristic temperatures and established optimal curing conditions. Reaction kinetics studies yielded an apparent activation energy ( Ea = 79.68 kJ mol −1 ) and reaction order ( n = 0.9368), confirming that the curing reactions generally follow first‐order kinetic models. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the formation of a robust hydrogen‐bond network after curing, indicating good mechanical strength for the HBPA/BPF resins. Using this blended resin system, we formulated low‐temperature pastes for solar cells, which exhibited excellent electrical and mechanical properties. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency reached 24.46%, and the grid line tension was 2.1 N/mm. This work provides insights into enhancing the performance of epoxy resin‐based materials for solar cell applications through such modification.