Layered 2D Materials in Batteries

Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional materials have attracted increasing attention due to their unique structure, excellent conductivity, and high electrochemical activity. This review begins by providing an overview of the physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional layered nanomaterials, such as graphene, transition metal chalcogenides, transition metal carbides, and nitrides. It summarizes their applications in different types of batteries, including lithium-ion batteries, aluminum-ion batteries, dual-ion batteries, etc., based on their respective physical and chemical properties. The synthesis methods of these two-dimensional layered materials are briefly discussed. The focus then shifts to the reasons why two-dimensional layered nanomaterials, when employed as cathode materials, enhance battery performance. Additionally, strategies for optimizing certain two-dimensional layered nanomaterials are explored to further enhance their performance as cathode materials in batteries. Finally, future research prospects are discussed.