Integrative analyses reveal Bna‐miR397a–BnaLAC2 as a potential modulator of low‐temperature adaptability in Brassica napus L.

Summary Brassica napus L. ( B. napus ) is a major edible oil crop grown around the southern part of China, which often faces cold stress, posing potential damage to vegetative tissues. To sustain growth and reproduction, a detailed understanding of fundamental regulatory processes in B. napus against long‐term low temperature (LT) stress is necessary for breeders to adjust the level of LT adaption in a given region and is therefore of great economic importance. Till now, studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) in coping with LT adaption in B. napus are limited. Here, we performed an in‐depth analysis on two B. napus varieties with distinct adaptability to LT stress. Through integration of RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and small RNA‐sequencing (sRNA‐seq), we identified 106 modules comprising differentially expressed miRNAs and corresponding potential targets based on strong negative correlations between their dynamic expression patterns. Specifically, we demonstrated that Bna‐miR397a post‐transcriptionally regulates a LACCASE (LAC) gene, BnaLAC2 , to enhance the adaption to LT stresses in B. napus by reducing the total lignin remodelling and ROS homeostasis. In addition, the miR397 – LAC2 module was also proved to improve freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis , indicating a conserved role of miR397 – LAC2 in Cruciferae plants. Overall, this work provides the first description of a miRNA‐mediated‐module signature for LT adaption and highlights the prominent role of laccase in future breeding programme of LT tolerant B. napus .