Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New Hypoxanthine Derivative Isolated from the Scorpion Buthus martensii and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity

Twelve guanidine derivatives (1-12), including seven new compounds (martensiiagms A-G, 1-7), one new hypoxanthine derivative (martensiiagm H, 13), and 15 known compounds (14-28) were isolated from the whole body of Buthus martensii Karsch and identified by analysis of data. Subsequent biological evaluations revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 1. It attenuates the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress levels prompted by lipopolysaccharide. This attenuation is accomplished by a specific action on mitochondria, which, in turn, caused a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines.