A novel sorbent based on electrospun for electrically-assisted solid phase microextraction of six non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by quantitation with HPLC-UV in human plasma samples

Although NSAIDs possess notable therapeutic and pharmaceutical qualities, it's essential to acknowledge that excessive doses can result in toxicity within the human body. Moreover, the importance lies in identifying and measuring their trace amounts. Due to their existence within intricate matrices, the creation of novel electrospun nanofibers as sorbents for electrically-assisted solidphase microextraction (EA-SPME) becomes vital. This innovation caters to the requirement for the effective pre-treatment of NSAID samples, providing a strategic approach to managing the complexities associated with trace quantities found in various matrices. First, polyvinylalcohol/casein/tannic acid/polyaniline/titanium dioxide nanoparticles (PVA/CAS/TA/PANI/TiO2 NPs) electrospun nanofibers were prepared for EA-SPME on pewter rode and then, trace amounts of six NSAIDs (Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Naproxen, Celecoxib, Ibuprofen and mefenamic acid) were adsorbed chemically on these nanofibers. In the next step, the desorption of six NSAIDs was electrochemically done from prepared electrospun nanofibers on a pewter rod which was as working electrode at three electrodes system. Finally, these drugs were quantified from different human plasma samples with HPLC-UV. The synthesis of electrospun nanofibers was confirmed through a series of analytical techniques including field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with elemental mapping analysis (EDX-Mapping), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR). The optimal percentage of additive compounds to PVA/CAS for electrospinning, as well as the factors influencing adsorption and desorption processes, were determined through both of Design Expert software and MATLAB programming language. Under optimum conditions, the wide linear range was 27–8000 ng mL−1 with R2 ≥ 0.9897, low detection limits were ranged from 8 to 27.3 ng mL−1 based on S/N = 3 and significant enrichment factors were acquired. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs% were obtained within the 4.51% - 5.68% and 4.28%–5.45%, respectively. Finally, The effectiveness of the EA-SPME-HPLC-UV method was assessed for determining NSAIDs in plasma samples, demonstrating good recoveries ranging from 90.2% to 105.2%.