环境科学
生态系统
土壤健康
森林恢复
森林生态学
生物多样性
生态系统服务
生态系统健康
环境资源管理
土壤碳
生态指标
土壤水分
恢复生态学
农林复合经营
生态学
土壤有机质
土壤科学
生物
作者
Paula Gatica‐Saavedra,Felipe Aburto,Patricia Nieto Rojas,Cristian Echeverría
摘要
Forest restoration is considered among the most affordable and effective practices to address ecosystem and biodiversity loss and mitigate the impacts of human‐induced global change. Soils are intrinsically complex systems that mediate and regulate multiple processes and functions vital for forest ecosystem restoration. Although monitoring soil attributes are critical for evaluating the success of forest restoration projects, research, and development of soil function indicators are still limited. Here, we have reviewed the most commonly reported soil indicators in forest restoration research and their recovery trajectory on a global scale. We also identified and discussed less frequently used indicators that have the potential for monitoring ecosystem recovery. We found that soil indicators have considerably increased in the literature. However, research is regionally concentrated, and a significant proportion of publications neither considered reference ecosystems (41%) nor provided basic information about soil types (<21%). The most reported indicator types were chemical (76%) (e.g., soil carbon, nitrogen, and pH). A significant proportion of the studies (46%) performed long‐term evaluations (>15 years) of indicators. The majority of the indicators tended to resemble the levels of the reference ecosystem in the long term, with a few exceptions (e.g., water content and bulk density). We identified several less used but more integrative indicators with great potential for monitoring forest ecosystem recovery (e.g., aggregate stability, oxidizable carbon, soil respiration, and enzyme activity). Our results emphasize the need to effectively develop standardized soil health indicators to monitor ecosystem recovery under different conditions and expand their use in underrepresented regions.
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