The tumour microenvironment (TME) in glioblastoma includes tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), with microglia-derived (Mig-TAMs) being pro-inflammatory and monocyte-derived (Mon-TAMs) being tolerogenic (Atunes et al, 2021). This study uses single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to explore TAM dynamics and T cell exhaustion in newly diagnosed (ndGBM) and recurrent GBM (rGBM), aiming to uncover distinct TME profiles.