Mixed pollutants adsorption potential of Eichhornia crassipes biochar on Manihot esculenta processing industry effluents

The starch is one of the most essential food stuff and serves as a raw material for number of food products for the welfare of human. During the production process enormous volume of effluents are being released into the environment. In this regard, this study was performed to evaluate the physicochemical traits of Manihot esculenta processing effluent and possible sustainable approach to treat this issue using Eichhornia crassipes based biochar. The standard physicochemical properties analysis revealed that the most the parameters (EC was recorded as 4143.17 ± 67.12 mhom−1, TDS: 5825.62 ± 72.14 mg L−1, TS: 7489.21 ± 165.24 mg L−1, DO: 2.12 ± 0.21 mg L−1, BOD 2673.74 ± 153.53 mg L−1, COD: 6672.66 ± 131.21 mg L−1, and so on) were beyond the permissible limits and which can facilitate eutrophication. Notably, the DO level was considerably poor and thus can support the eutrophication. The trouble causing E. crassipes biomass was used as raw material for biochar preparation through pyrolysis process. The temperature ranging from 250 to 350 °C with residence time of 20–60 min were found as suitable temperature to provide high yield (56–33%). Furthermore, 10 g L−1 concentration of biochar showed maximum pollutant adsorption than other concentrations (5 g L−1 and 15 g L−1) from 1 L of effluent. The suitable temperature required to remediate the pollutants from the effluent by biochar was found as 45 °C and 35 °C at 10 g L−1 concentration. These results conclude that at such optimized condition, the E. crassipes effectively adsorbed most of the pollutants from the M. esculenta processing effluent. Furthermore, such pollutants adsorption pattern on biochar was confirmed by SEM analysis.