Numerical validation of Gassmann’s equations

Derived several decades ago, Gassmann’s equations continue to be widely used in applied geophysics. Gassmann’s equations allow us to calculate the elastic moduli of a fully saturated rock from dry rock moduli knowing the porosity, fluid bulk modulus, and bulk modulus of the solid grains. These equations are treated as exact in the scientific community, but there is a lack of comprehensive numerical validation. Furthermore, recently several publications have appeared in the literature postulating a logical error in the derivation of Gassmann’s equations. Therefore, I develop a numerical validation of Gassmann’s equations. For that, I use a 3D finite-element approach to resolve the conservation of linear momentum that is coupled with the stress-strain relations for the solid phase and the quasistatic linearized compressible Navier-Stokes momentum equation for the fluid phase. Finally, a convergence study validating the correctness of Gassmann’s equations for a particular yet arbitrarily chosen “generic” pore geometry is presented. The arbitrary model geometry is simple as compared with real rocks; however, it is sufficiently complex with elements resembling wider pore bodies and narrower pore throats to, in general, validate Gassmann’s equations. MATLAB routines to reproduce the presented results are provided.