Mechanical Stress Induces a Transient Suppression of Cytokine Secretion in Astrocytes Assessed at the Single‐Cell Level with a High‐Throughput Microfluidic Chip

Abstract Brain cells are constantly subjected to mechanical signals. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), which display immunoreactivity and have been suggested as an emerging disease focus in the recent years. However, how mechanical signals regulate astrocyte immunoreactivity, and the cytokine release in particular, remains to be fully characterized. Here, human neural stem cells are used to induce astrocytes, from which the release of 15 types of cytokines are screened, and nine of them are detected using a protein microfluidic chip. When a gentle compressive force is applied, altered cell morphology and reinforced cytoskeleton are observed. The force induces a transient suppression of cytokine secretions including IL‐6, MCP‐1, and IL‐8 in the early astrocytes. Further, using a multiplexed single‐cell culture and protein detection microfluidic chip, the mechanical effects at a single‐cell level are analyzed, which validates a concerted downregulation by force on IL‐6 and MCP‐1 secretions in the cells releasing both factors. This work demonstrates an original attempt of employing the protein detection microfluidic chips in the assessment of mechanical regulation on the brain cells at a single‐cell resolution, offering novel approach and unique insights for the understanding of the CNS immune regulation.