石墨烯
氨
电化学
合理设计
还原(数学)
材料科学
氮气
纳米技术
无机化学
化学
电极
有机化学
物理化学
数学
几何学
作者
Mandira Majumder,Haneesh Saini,Ivan Dědek,Andreas Schneemann,Nilesh R. Chodankar,Ranjani Viswanatha,M.S. Santosh,Nanjundan Ashok Kumar,Štěpán Kment,Deepak P. Dubal,Michal Otyepka,Radek Zbořil,Kolleboyina Jayaramulu
出处
期刊:ACS Nano
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2021-11-09
卷期号:15 (11): 17275-17298
被引量:48
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.1c08455
摘要
The conversion of nitrogen to ammonia offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for producing precursors for fertilizers and efficient energy carriers. Owing to the large energy density and significant gravimetric hydrogen content, NH3 is considered an apt next-generation energy carrier and liquid fuel. However, the low conversion efficiency and slow production of ammonia through the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are currently bottlenecks, making it an unviable alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production. The rational design and engineering of catalysts (both photo- and electro-) represent a crucial challenge for improving the efficiency and exploiting the full capability of the NRR. In the present review, we highlight recent progress in the development of graphene-based systems and graphene derivatives as catalysts for the NRR. Initially, the history, fundamental mechanism, and importance of the NRR to produce ammonia are briefly discussed. We also outline how surface functionalization, defects, and hybrid structures (single-atom/multiatom as well as composites) affect the N2 conversion efficiency. The potential of graphene and graphene derivatives as NRR catalysts is highlighted using pertinent examples from theoretical simulations as well as machine learning based performance predictive methods. The review is concluded by identifying the crucial advantages, drawbacks, and challenges associated with principal scientific and technological breakthroughs in ambient catalytic NRR.
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