An investigation of water resources in the Tanjiang River Basin shows that two problems occur in the river basin, i.e. the increase of water demand due to the development of the river basin and the reduction of water quality. It is pointed out that the research on the development of water resources in the river basin should give priority to the protection of drinking water sources and sustainable utilization of water resources. By analysis of the current situation, characteristics and some existing problems on the water resources in the river basin, some measures are proposed for sustainable utilization and optimal allocation of water resources.