Recent advances in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater from textile industries: Overview and perspectives

Dye-containing wastewater should be treated effectively using eco-friendly technologies in order to prevent the adverse impacts on the environment and natural water resources. This review summarizes the recent technologies used commonly for dye removal from wastewater, such as biological methods, advanced oxidation processes (AOP), electrocoagulation, adsorption, membrane technology, and photocatalytic reactors using novel nanomaterials. On the other hand, this review also addresses the performances, operating conditions, important process parameters, and the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment systems. Besides, in order to achieve efficient color removal, several previous studies have also focused on hybrid treatment technologies. Among the different hybrid treatments, the MBR (membrane bioreactor) and the PMR (photocatalytic membrane reactor) were reviewed in detail as they have shown to be practically promising for color removal from textile wastewater. Regarding the factors that influence the performance of PMR systems, the role of nanoparticles were discussed by considering their mechanisms of color removal.