Electric Noise Measurement

The sections in this article are 1 Mathematical Representations of Noise 2 Definitions 3 Nyquist’S Theorem 4 Equivalent Current and Voltage Noise Generators 5 Types of Noise 6 Noise Figure and Temperature of a Device Under Test 7 Noise Figure and Temperature of Cascaded Stages 8 Noise Figure and Temperature of Lossy Transmission Line 9 Two-Noise Source Method 10 Effects of Mismatch 11 Noise Sources 12 International Comparison of Thermal Noise Temperature Measurements 13 On-Wafer Noise Measurements 14 Interferometric Noise Measurements 15 Acknowledgments